What Will You Find

Every family history is different, so you can’t say what you will find until you start looking. However, as a general rule, the limit for research is the start date of the relevant parish registers. This varies, with records beginning in the late 1700s in Dublin and some of the more prosperous parts of the east of Ireland, but not until the 1840s or 1850s in many places in the west.

Get Help

Get some idea of the background to your family surnames and have a look at some of the basic guides to tracing family history. A good on-line guide is at http://tinyurl.com/c82qkl4.

Most county libraries now also have their catalogues available on the Internet – see www.askaboutireland.ie/libraries.

The National Library and National Archives both run free walk-in genealogical advisory services, where you will get personal advice on records and research.

Some useful published works are:

Donal Begley, editor, Irish Genealogy, A Record Finder ( Dublin, Ireland: Heraldic Artists Ltd.,1981)
Kyle J. Betit & Dwight A. Radford, Ireland: A Genealogical Guide for North Americans, (Salt Lake City: Irish At Home and Abroad, 1995)
ffeary-Smyrl, Steven and Eileen Ò Dùill, Irish Civil Registration: Where Do I Start? ( Dublin, Ireland: The Council of Irish Genealogical Organizations, 2000, www.cigo.ie)
John Grenham, Tracing Your Irish Ancestors (Dublin, Ireland: Gill and Macmillan, fourth edition, 2011)
George B. Handran, CG, ed., Townlands in Poor Law Unions; a Reprint of Poor Law Union Pamphlets of the General Registrar's Office (Salem, Massachusetts: Higginson Book Company, 1997)
Tony McCarthy, Irish Roots Guide, (Dublin, Ireland: The Lilliput Press, 1995).
Màire Mac Conghail and Paul Gorry, Tracing Irish Ancestors, A Practical Guide to Irish Genealogy, (Glasgow, Scotland: Harper Collins, 1997) . Distributed in the United States by Roberts Rinehart Publishers, 6309 Monarch Park Place, Niwot, Colorado 80503.
Edward Mac Lysaght, The Surnames of Ireland, (Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland: Irish Academic Press, reprinted 1991).
Brian Mitchell, A New Genealogical Atlas of Ireland, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 3rd printing, 1992)
David S. Ouimette,  Finding Your Irish Ancestors: A Beginner's Guide, (Ancestry.com, 2005)
James G. Ryan, Irish Records, Sources for Family and Local History, (Glenageary, Co. Dublin, Ireland: Flyleaf Press, 1998).
James G. Ryan (editor), Irish Church records, (Flyleaf Press (Dublin) 2001. www.flyleaf.ie)

How To Approach The Records

Again, every family history is different, but the most common sequence is:

1. General Register Office records
First, use these state records of births, deaths and marriages to verify what you have learned from your family. Get certificates and extract all the information on them – marriage records are particularly useful.

2. 1901 and 1911 census returns.
These provide extremely helpful snapshots of an entire household, with ages, occupations, counties of birth and, in the case of 1911, number of years married. www.census.nationalarchives.ie

3. General Register Office records again.
With the information gleaned from the census returns, you can now search GRO records for earlier generations.

4. Property records.
Griffith’s Valuation (1847-64) is the only comprehensive mid-nineteenth century census substitute. Information from the GRO should now allow you to pinpoint relevant entries. www.askaboutireland.ie For the early decades of the 19th century the only near-comprehensive resource is the Tithe Applotment Survey of c. 1823-1938. The records for the 26 counties of the Republic are online at www.titheapplotmentbooks.nationalarchives.ie.

5. Parish records.
Before the start of civil registration for all in 1864, these are virtually the only direct sources of family information. No site has complete coverage. The major resources are this site, www.rootsireland.ie and www.ancestry.co.uk.

6. Everything else.
A plethora of potentially relevant sources exists for particular localities or circumstances – directories, occupational records, tenants’ lists, gravestones …
 

Starting your family history

STARTING YOUR FAMILY HISTORY

BEFORE YOU GO NEAR A RECORD:
Talk to your family. It makes no sense to spend days trawling through databases to find out your great-grandmother’s surname if someone in the family already knows it. So first, talk to parents, aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents etc., and find out what they know. Most families have at least one individual who keeps track of the extended network of relatives, and if you can trace her (it usually is a woman), you’re off to a good start.

SURNAMES AND NAMING:
You can’t place any importance on the precise spelling of any of the surnames you’re dealing with. Although the spelling matters to us now, before the 20th century extraordinary variations regularly occur in different records – illiteracy was widespread and large numbers spoke Irish as their native language. Most people simply had more important things on their minds than how their name might be spelt in a record in a foreign language. Having enough to eat, for example.

DATES:
Reported ages are almost never accurate. Before 1900, only a few very privileged children celebrated birthdays and without a celebration, why would you need to know a precise date? In addition, hardly any unfortunate souls over the age of 40 feel as old as they actually are. Put the two together and you have the prefect recipe for unlikely numbers of people reporting their ages as 30, 40, and 50. The moral is simple. Be sceptical. Be very sceptical.

RECORD EVERYTHING:
The amount of information you’re dealing with can grow very quickly, especially in the early stages, so it’s a good idea to decide at the outset on a way of storing information that makes it easy for you to find things quickly. Most people pick up and put down family history research episodically, and the less time you waste hunting for something you just know you wrote down on the back of something somewhere, the easier the research will be. A shoebox with alphabetical index cards for each individual is perfectly fine. So is a loose-leaf binder. There are also some inexpensive software packages and websites that allow you easily to store and retrieve complex family information.

START FROM …
The 1901 and 1911 census site – www.census.nationalarchives.ie – is by far the best place to dip a toe in the water: it’s free, intuitive and has images of all the original census forms. Find your great-grandparents here, and you’re hooked.

ONE RULE TO BIND THEM ALL:
As far as research is concerned, the only cast-iron rule is that you start from what you know and use it to find out more. It is almost impossible to take a historical family and try to uncover what your connection might be. Instead, think of yourself as a detective, taking each item of information as potential evidence and using it to track down more information that in turn becomes evidence for further research.